Bindo altoviti biography of rory gilmore

The Altoviti are a prominent patrician family of Florence, Italy.

Owing to the medieval period they were one of the most renowned banking and political families allotted to the highest offices lady the Republic of Florence, cast and patrons of Galileo Galilei, Vasari, Raphael, and Michelangelo. They had a close personal affinity with the papacy. Through organized predominant endogamous marriage policy they established alliances with dynasties have a high regard for principal and papal nobility primate the Medici, Cybo, Rospigliosi, Sacchetti, Corsini, and Aldobrandini.

Three popes have blood relations with nobleness Altoviti; Innocent VIII, Clement Haunt and Clement XII. Pope Honest VIII was the uncle have a high regard for La Papessa Dianora Altoviti Cybo. Her son Bindo Altoviti became one of the most relevant papal bankers and patron curiosity the arts of the Awakening. The Altoviti are still host and descendants continue to aside involved in art and urbanity.

Origins

Pope Pius II presumed rank family would be of European origin as in Fiesole was found a tomb with tidy Roman inscription quoting Furio Cammillo Altovita grandson of Furio Camillo, general, statesman and one elect the most famous heroes discern the early Roman Republic, reputable with the title of Next Founder of Rome for circlet victory over the Gauls close the Gallic siege of Malady.

According to the family chronicle, the silver Italian wolf case black background refers to blue blood the gentry Roman origin of the coat and is the mythical she-wolf Lupa Capitolina Romana who would have protected the founder tactic the dynasty Furio Camillo saturate devouring his enemies.^[1]

Some believe representation Altoviti were of Lombard rash, descending from Tebalduolo Longobardo, tycoon and trusted advisor of dripping Alboin.

The family came top Florence in the twelfth hundred. They engaged in the common mix of culture, commerce (mainly wool and salt), banking soar politics. Many were respected book and diplomats in royal tolerate papal courts. They belonged analysis the pro-papal elite of authority Guelph faction. With an not moving military tradition, members of authority family were considered supremely brave captains in numerous decisive battles of the Florentine Republic.

As a result, scholars believe the heraldic killer was granted by Emperor Town II as an award be a symbol of brave captains.^[2]

History, art, and culture

In 1300 Rinaldo Altoviti was hand-picked with Dante Alighieri as cover of the Priors and berserk the supreme authority in birth state.

They were sent tempt ambassador to Boniface VIII success negotiate a truce between integrity rival Guelph factions cementing their position in the center censure power of the Republic.^[3] Bartolomea Altoviti was the wife accept Salvestro de' Medici, Gonfalonier drug Justice and cousin of Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici, who established the Medicean domination problem the affairs of Florence.

Giovanna Altoviti married the rich seller Benci Aldobrandini and became renowned as Madonna Aldobrandini. After assimilation husband's death, she married say publicly influential politician Giovanni Panciatichi.^[4] Undeniable of their descendants was Giulio Rospigliosi, later Pope Clement Abrupt.

Still in 14th century, picture family allied with the Salviati, Gucci, Pucci, Sacchetti and Bardi and became strong supporters position the war against Pope Pope XI. The War of probity Eight Saints contributed to dignity end of the Avignon Regime, while Bardo Altoviti was procrastinate of the Eight Saints.^[5]

Fasten 1432 Oddo Altoviti married Giovanna Gherardini and their niece was Lisa Gherardini, identified as honourableness model for Leonardo da Vinci'sMona Lisa.

Oddo was named importance the same year Gonfaloniere admire Justice. He becomes an pointblank of Tommaso Soderini, father observe Piero Soderini. Together with Luca Pitti, they use their cogency to lift the ban authentication Cosimo de' Medici the Elder.^[6] They established personal relationships dispatch profitable links with the Ministerial Curia.

Antonio Altoviti married his relative Dianora Altoviti Cybo.

Known primate La Papessa due to high-mindedness influence she held over quash uncle Giambattista Cybo, Pope Ingenuous VIII, Antonio was made professional Master of the Mint.^[7] Just about other Florentines banking families who provided loans to the popes in exchange for the uninterrupted to papal revenues, the City, and Roman branch of probity Altoviti prospected.

The family thin the construction of the faith of San Giovanni dei Fiorentini and was a driving competence behind the Compagnia della Misericordia. Some of the most celebrated members were Michelangelo and Architect da Vinci.^[8]

As the Altoviti abstruse family relationships with Cybo snowball Medici, and alliances with glory della Rovere, Pope Julius II (Giuliano della Rovere) became copperplate mentor to Antonio's son Bindo, as he was to culminate later papal successors Leo Scrutinize (Giovanni de' Medici) and Clemente VII (Giulio de' Medici).

Bindo was a close ally be more or less his cousin Innocenzo Cybo, soul of Maddalena de' Medici, prestige daughter of Lorenzo the Superior, and included among the verdant noblemen educated at the apostolical court, where he was think it over attendance of the hostage Federico Gonzaga, the son of Isabella d’Este and future duke sight Mantua.

During those years, agreed was introduced to Bramante, Archangel, and Michelangelo.

Bindo Altoviti's career flourished under the screed of Leo X and Gentle VII. He was appointed variety Depository General, the leading bank clerk of the Papal States stand for chief commissioner for collecting tariff, mainly allocated for the renewal of the St.

Peter's Basilica. After the death of Agostino Chigi and the sack hill Rome in 1527, only clever few wealthy banks had probity capital to prevent economic disorder. Competing with fierce Genoese bankers and the Germans Fugger with the addition of Welser; the Strozzi, Salviati obtain Altoviti became the leading City and curial bankers, given interpretation chance to participate in large credit transactions, controlling an opening sphere of papal finance.^[9] Bindo's son Giovanni Battista Altoviti united Clarice Ridolfi, daughter of Lorenzo Ridolfi, grandson of Lorenzo il Magnifico de' Medici and Clarice Orsini, tighten the bond mid the Altoviti and the shelter of Medici and Strozzi.

Bindo Altoviti gradually expanded and diversified rulership financial activities, established dependences preceding the Altoviti Bank in overseas money markets as France, Holland, and England.

Among his patrons were duke Charles III fall foul of Savoy or king Henry II of France, and by aware political as well financial advisability he amassed one of nobility largest private fortunes in Italia. After the death of Lenient VII and duke Alessandro de' Medici, the Altoviti sided respect Catherine de' Medici and Bishop of rome Paul III, getting into fleece open confrontation with Cosimo Side-splitting de' Medici.

One of Bindo's nieces became maid of observe of Catherine de' Medici. Hitherto her marriage she was glory mistress of the Duke most recent Anjou and future king Henri III of France. Another niece was one of the greatest inhabitants of Marseille and concubine of Charles of Lorraine, Lord of Guise, governor of Provence. Her brother became the director of Belle Ile and diadem godfather was Philippe Emmanuel neat as a new pin Lorraine, Duke of Mercœur, kin of the later Queen insinuate France Louise of Lorraine, merger for the relationship with loftiness royal court of France.

Bindo's son, Antonio was initiated to the ecclesiastical career, mess the protection of one discover the most authoritative Florentine prelates of the early sixteenth 100, Cardinal Niccolò Ridolfi. Pope Unpleasant III appointed Antonio Altoviti, style Archbishop of Florence. Furious induce this open affront, Cosimo Hilarious retaliated by banning the pristine archbishop from setting foot rise the city and even diseased all the income and fortune of the diocese.

After honesty death of Paul III (1549) Cosimo I lost no hang on in asking his successors perfect deliver the rebellious archbishop rear him, but all refused. But, within the next years, Cosimo I manifested a policy carry-on rapprochement with the popes discredit anticipation of his request problem obtain the title of Imposing Duke.

In 1564 Pope Pius IV, Giovanni Angelo de' House, asked Cosimo I to carry out the decree of the Mother of parliaments of Trent. Cosimo I responded to the plea by conj admitting forgiveness to the Altoviti limit writing to Antonio Altoviti, goad him to return to Town to take command of diocese and begin a context of reformation.

Antonio Altoviti when all is said took possession of the archdiocese in 1567. He entered decency Florence with so much pageant, solemnity, and court of high society, that Cosimo I was in this fashion irritated, understanding this triumphal travelling fair as a humiliation of her highness sovereign authority. Though in character same year Antonio Altoviti ordinated Cosimo's nephew Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici and became his adviser.

Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici succeeded Antonio Altoviti as archbishop subject became Pope Leo XI. Decency friendship between Antonio Altoviti duct Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici, lengthened the reconciliation between the Altoviti and the new ducal pinion arm of the Medici. In 1569, Pius V finally conferred leadership title of grand duke behoove Tuscany on Cosimo I.

Bindo enjoyed the financial resources keep undertake extensive renovations to loftiness properties he inherited from enthrone father including is suburban living quarters on the Tiber to tipple a growing passion for find a bed. Known and endowed with unblended strong taste for art, do something became a patron of authority arts and friend to Painter, Cellini, Raphael, and Michelangelo.^[10]

Vasari frescoed the Triumph of Ceres sophisticated the main hall of ethics Villa Altoviti now shown swindle the National Museum of Palazzo Venezia.^[11] For Bindo's suburban domicile he also frescoed a endless loggia called the Vineyard elegant with statues and burial intelligence from emperor Hadrian'sVilla Adriana whereas he had bought most help the estate.^[12]Andrea Sansovino also gave Bindo as a gift pure terra-cotta model of the leader of St.

Giovanni he sculptural for the Duomo in Town.

Immortalized by Raphael and Sculptor, Bindo harbored Michelangelo when subside fled from Florence to Rome.^[13] Michelangelo had such a elevated esteem for him (while soil despised his rival Agostino Chigi) that he gave him primate a gift the cartoon very last Noah's Blessing, used in high-mindedness vault of the Sistine Mosque (lost) as well as capital design of a Venus (lost) colored then by Vasari.^[14]

In Town on Piazza del Limbo they had a palazzo with clean large family coat of hold close on the façade and belated the patronage of the communion Santi Apostoli.

It was too Michelangelo who convinced Bindo, gather together to rebuild, but to protect the church. Vasari painted rank Allegory of the Immaculate Theory for the family chapel.^[15] Bindo was buried in the service of Santa Trinità dei Cards in Rome and Giovanni Battista Naldini was commissioned to chroma the cycle of frescoes towards St.

Giovanni the Baptist.

With the death of the desert son of Bindo Altoviti, goodness Altoviti-Cybo line became extinct on the road to the end of the Ordinal century. Alessandro Altoviti became depiction designated head of the Altoviti Bank in Rome. His brother-in-law was Giovanni Bonsi, Prime Vicar of Ferdinando I de' House and created cardinal by Catholic Paul V.

The alliance learn the Bonsi continued to level the relationship between the Altoviti and the Medici and formation a new alliance with say publicly Borghese. Cardinal Bonsi also became a mentor to Iacopo Altoviti, who was later appointed Archbishop of Athens and Patriarch penalty Antioch by his close familiar Pope Alexander VII.

Alessandro's lass Francesca married Giovanni Battista Sacchetti, a trading partner of class Barberini family of Pope Citified VIII.

The marriage had glory effect of transferring to greatness Sacchetti financial resources, property as well as part of the collection designate the Altoviti and profitable intercourse with the curia, as in shape as client relations already intimate by the Altoviti.^[16] Their infant Giulio Cesare Sacchetti was initiative influential cardinal, supporter of Stargazer Galilei and twice included rip apart the French Court's list delightful acceptable candidates (papal conclave line of attack 1644 and papal conclave oppress 1655) for the papacy.

Their other son Marcello Sacchetti became papal treasurer to Urban Eighter and his art agent. Bankruptcy continued to expand the kinsfolk collection and became one avail yourself of the most respected collectors look up to the Baroque and patron line of attack Nicolas Poussin, Guido Reni charge Pietro da Cortona.

The collection had over 800 paintings and later became the brace for the Capitoline Museum acquit yourself Rome.^[17] Later the family inborn the principal titles of representation Barberini and held until 1968 the hereditary title as Quartermaster General of the Sacred Episcopal Palace.

Their sister Clarice Sacchetti married her cousin Luigi Altoviti.

Luigi was known as ingenious skillful politician and became orderly senator as his father Alberto Altoviti or grandfathers Roberto Acciaioli and Niccolò Berardi, of loftiness house of the BosonidsCounts refreshing Marsi, before him. Their little one Alberto Altoviti married Ottaviana de' Medici, cousin of Grand Baron Ferdinand II.

Alberto was determined senator and later Grand Prime minister of Tuscany. Emperor Ferdinand II elevated him to the epithet of Marquis of the Immaterial Roman Empire and later chapters of the family became deftly involved in the Berlin hair salon culture.

Giulio Rospigliosi was elegant descendant of Giovanna Altoviti champion created cardinal by Pope Conqueror VII and succeed him significance Pope Clement IX.

He blatant the city of Rome walkout famous works commissioned to Carver, including the angels of Ponte Sant'Angelo next to Palazzo Altoviti and the colonnade of Spirit Peter's Basilica.

In the Eighteenth century, Pope Clement XII very with blood ties to glory Altoviti presided over the move forward of a surplus in probity papal finances.

He thus became known for building the another façade of the Basilica di San Giovanni in Laterano, stare construction of the Trevi Fount, and the purchase of Basic Alessandro Albani's collection of antiquities for the papal gallery. Require his 1738 bull In eminenti apostolatus, he provides the good cheer public papal condemnation of Masonry.

One of class numerous Altoviti palazzos Florence was called dei Visacci with portraits of famous Florentine people specified as Amerigo Vespucci, Francesco Guicciardini and Dante carved in ethics façade, and the halls frescoed by Lorenzo del Moro extort Tommaso Redi. The palazzo became later home to the Metropolis masonic lodge of the Grande Oriente d’Italia.

Giovambattista Altoviti was able to expand the race collection as he inherited equal finish the request of his familiar Pietro Paolo Avila, his palazzo in Rome together with top prestigious art collection and nobleness name Avila was joined come to an end the name Altoviti. The patrician titles of the extinct hold your fire Altoviti-Medici and Altoviti-Galetti were as well inherited by his descendants.

When in the 19th century ability of the collection were sell, the portrait of Bindo Altoviti was sold to Ludwig Raving of Bavaria and the statues of the Villa Adriana don the Borghese family.

Arbitrate the mid 19th century, brotherhood of the Altoviti married enrol the Radziwiłł family, magnates magnetize Poland and Lithuania, instituting fine relationship to the Imperial Suite of Prussia.

The Altoviti brainy relationships with Cristina Trivulzio di Belgiojoso, Edward Solly, Frédéric Writer, Vincenzo Bellini, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, and Theodor Fontane. Subsequent, they established relationships with overturn prominent individuals such as, Conqueror von Humboldt, Franz Liszt, Ferdinand Lassalle, Fanny Lewald, Alexander von Humboldt, Paul Klee, or Hedwig Dohm, as their Berlin house eventually became the Palais Pringsheim.

In the early 20th century, double descendant married a leading contriver involved in the Apollo period program and relative of Katja Mann, born Pringsheim wife blond Thomas Mann.

Contemporaneously, Prince Stanisław Albrecht Radziwiłł was one be successful the organizers of the Sikorski Historical Institute in London. Inaccuracy was married to Caroline Amusement Radziwill, sister of the equate First Lady, Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, and sister-in-law of President Bathroom F. Kennedy.

Marquis Antonio Altoviti Avila, married Maria Badoglio, female child of Marshall of ItalyPietro Badoglio, Duke of Addis Abeba, European Ambassador to Brazil and head post-fascist Prime Minister of Italia.

He produced the Academy To the lead film Yesterday, Today and Future and the film Attila, onetime also contributing as a essayist for The Thirteen Chairs.

The Altoviti-Avila lineage has persisted shed tears only through the male affinity but also through the individual branches, who have upheld rank Altoviti name. Members of magnanimity Altoviti family remain active deduct a wide range of comic, including science, politics, culture, champion technology.

Their contributions have star the reconstruction of the Metropolis State Art Collections, involvement bind the Saturn, Apollo and Elbowroom Shuttle programs, and collaborations take on Werner von Braun, Steven Physicist, Geoffrey Chew, Ahmir 'Questlove' Physicist, Eumir Deodato, or Emerson Fittipaldi.

Notable members

Frequently members of position family distinguished themselves in reward, defending or serving the Metropolis Republic holding prestigious public, civil, military and religious offices.

• Giovanna Altoviti (1305–1395), known as Vocalist Aldobrandini
• Iacopo Altoviti (1348–1403), Bishop oust Fiesole
• Bardo di Altoviti (1342–1405), solve of the Eight Saints
• Antonio Altoviti (1454–1507), papal banker and canonical Master of the Mint
• Bindo Altoviti (1491–1557), papal banker and philanthropist of the arts of rank Renaissance
• Antonio Altoviti (1521–1573), Archbishop govern Florence
• Giacomo Altoviti (1604–1693), Apostolic Commissioner to Venice, Patriarch of Antiochia and Archbishop of Athens
• Filippo Nero Altoviti (1634–1702), Bishop of Fiesole
• Antonio Altoviti Avila (1963, actor dispatch producer, Academy Award-winning movie Once upon a time, Today and Tomorrow)

References