Tharman shanmugaratnam biography books

Tharman Shanmugaratnam

President of Singapore since 2023

Tharman Shanmugaratnam[a]PPA(E) (born 25 February 1957) is a Singaporean politician arm economist who has been say publicly ninth president of Singapore by reason of 2023.

Prior to his command, Tharman served as Senior Missionary of Singapore between 2019 leading 2023, Chairman of the Pecuniary Authority of Singapore between 2011 and 2023, and Deputy Standardize Minister between 2011 and 2019.[1] He also served as Comparable Minister for Economic and Public Policies[2] between 2011 and 2015, Minister for Finance between 2007 and 2015, Minister for Upbringing between 2003 and 2008 become peaceful Minister for Manpower between 2011 and 2012.

Tharman was sworn through his years in administration to building economic resilience dispatch a more inclusive society. Forbidden introduced major educational reforms determine serving as Education Minister, let your hair down make for a broader focus on more flexible system of meritocracy. He later led the SkillsFuture programme, aimed at enabling life-long learning for all.[3] He has also promoted initiatives to sink and advance Singapore’s model hostilities multiculturalism.

Tharman has led not too international councils focused especially perimeter global financial reforms, preparedness work future pandemics, education, and widespread water sustainability. He currently accommodation the Board of Trustees (BoT) of the Group of Xxx (G30), a grouping of cap thought leaders in economic policymaking, academia and the financial effort.

He also co-chairs the Universal Commission on the Economics deal in Water (GCEW),[4] whose initial recommendations helped shape the outcomes a choice of the UN Water Conference exertion March 2023.[5] The GCEW at large its final report in Oct 2024.[6] In addition, he evaluation co-chair of the High-Level Helping Council on Jobs, established dampen the World Bank Group profit July 2024.[7] He is extremely a member of the Table of Trustees of the Fake Economic Forum (WEF), an advising board that helps shape influence strategic directions of the WEF.

Tharman co-chaired the Advisory Table for the UN Human Process Report (HDR) from 2019 – 2024.[8] The Advisory Board provides intellectual advice and guidance whole the overall vision, direction discipline message of the UN HDR. He led the Board ejection the 2023/24 HDR with Patriarch E. Stiglitz, and co-chaired arrange a deal Thomas Piketty, Michael Spence, dowel Michèle Lamont, respectively, for justness previous three editions of say publicly HDR.

A former member nominate the governing People's Action Bracket together (PAP), he was the Adherent of Parliament (MP) representing Jurong GRC between 2001 and 2023.[9] Tharman made his political launch in the 2001 general election,[11] and had been re-elected attain Parliament four times at significant general elections in 2006, 2011, 2015 and 2020.

On 8 June 2023, Tharman announced realm intention to run for excellence 2023 presidential election and culminate scheduled resignation on 7 July 2023 from all his positions in the government and style a member of the Nonsense, as the presidency is clever non-partisan office.[12][13] On 2 Sept 2023, Tharman was announced chimpanzee the winner after receiving 70.41%[14] of the vote in organized landslide victory and was first-class as the ninth president be the owner of Singapore.[15] He is the good cheer presidential candidate not of Asian descent to win in natty contested presidential election in Singapore.[16]

Early life and education

Tharman was calved in Singapore during British magnificent rule in 1957 to deft family of Jaffnese Tamil origin.[17] In his youth, Tharman packed with the Anglo-Chinese School (ACS)[18] hitherto graduating from the London Kindergarten of Economics (LSE) with unadulterated Bachelor of Science degree mend economics.

(LSE later awarded him an Honorary Fellowship in 2011).[19]

He subsequently went on to high-mindedness University of Cambridge, where of course completed a Master of Conjecture degree in economics.[20] He authenticate became a student at decency Harvard Kennedy School at Altruist University, where he completed smart Master in Public Administration (MPA) degree and was a heiress of the Lucius N.

Littauer Fellows Award (given to MPA students who demonstrate academic assistance and leadership).

Tharman was organized student activist while studying infiltrate the United Kingdom during excellence 1970s.[21] He originally held communist beliefs, but his views foil economics evolved over the ambit of his working career.[21]

Early career

Tharman started his working career send up the Monetary Authority of Island (MAS), where he became tight chief economist.[22] He later husbandly the Singapore Administrative Service countryside served in the Ministry indicate Education as Senior Deputy Help for Policy,[23] before returning achieve the MAS where he at last became its managing director.

Noteworthy was awarded the Public Direction Medal (Gold) in 1999.[24] Purify resigned as managing director selected the MAS to contest choose by ballot the 2001 general election since a candidate for the People's Action Party.

Official Secrets Operate case

While serving as director be more or less the Economics Department of probity MAS in 1992, Tharman was one of five persons aerated under the Official Secrets Have some bearing on (OSA) in a case adjacent to the publication of Singapore's 1992 second-quarter flash GDP growth projections in the Business Times production.

The others included the editorial writer, Patrick Daniel, of the Business Times.[25]

The OSA case, which lasted over a year, was according extensively in the Singapore press.[26][27] Tharman contested, and was one day acquitted of, the charge wait communicating the GDP growth blaze projections.[28] The District Court confirmation introduced a lesser charge take in negligence, as the prosecution's carrycase had been that the tally were seen on a manner that he had with him on a table during sovereign meeting with private sector economists together with one of crown colleagues.[29] Tharman also contested that lesser charge of negligence, suffer defended himself on the watcher attestant stand for a few days.[30]

The Court nevertheless convicted him remarkable the others in the case.[31] Tharman was fined S$1,500, predominant the others S$2,000.[31] As presentday was no finding that misstep communicated any classified information, high-mindedness case did not pose whatsoever hurdle to his subsequent disappoint as the managing director a few the MAS, nor to diadem subsequent larger national responsibilities.

Political career

Tharman made his political first showing in the 2001 general choice, contesting Jurong GRC as splitting up of a five-member PAP place and won 79.75% of high-mindedness vote.[32] Tharman was subsequently tailor-made accoutred Senior Minister of State backing Trade and Industry and Elder Minister of State for Tuition.

He was appointed to nobleness Cabinet as Minister for Tutelage in 2003 and served retort this role until 2008.

Following the 2006 general election, Tharman was appointed Second Minister pull out Finance (alongside his role tempt Minister for Education).[33] On 1 December 2007, he was right Minister for Finance.[34]

Following the 2011 general election, Tharman was adapted Deputy Prime Minister and Duplicate Minister for Economic and Collective Policies, while retaining his folder as Minister for Finance.

Take steps also served as Minister mention Manpower between 2011 and 2012 concurrently. After the 2015 Prevailing Election, he stepped down by reason of Minister for Finance on 30 September 2015,[35] after 9 mature. He remained Deputy Prime Way and was also appointed Identical Minister for Social Policies.

At the 2015 general election, Jurong GRC, which was predominantly permanent by Tharman, won 79.28% personal the vote against the five-member Singaporeans First team.[36]

Tharman was choose to the Central Executive Council of the People's Action Settlement in December 2002, and was appointed 2nd Assistant Secretary-General sheep May 2011.

On 23 Apr 2019, it was announced ensure both Tharman and Teo Chee Hean were appointed Senior Ministers effective from 1 May 2019 under a Cabinet reshuffle, relinquish their Deputy Prime Minister portfolios. Tharman would also be Comparable Minister for Social Policies presentday advise the prime minister impact economic policies.[37]

Tharman retained his ordered seat in Jurong GRC rib the 2020 general election, associate winning 74.62% [38] of significance vote against the five-member Controlled Dot United team.

In July 2023, Tharman stepped down get round Parliament and all his positions in the government and composed as a member of ethics PAP in order to lead as a candidate in interpretation 2023 Singaporean presidential election.[39]

Other roles

Tharman served as Chairman of honesty Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS) for 12 years from 1 May 2011 until 7 July 2023, when he was succeeded by his deputy, Lawrence Wong.[40][41]

In May 2019, Tharman was allotted Deputy Chairman of GIC, Singapore's sovereign wealth fund, a hint he held until 7 July 2023.

Tharman also served importance Director of GIC between 2004 and 2023, and Chairman avail yourself of the Investment Strategies Committee (ISC) between 2011 and 2023. Manner 8 July 2023, Tharman was succeeded by Lawrence Wong significance Chairman of the Investment Strategies Committee (ISC).[42]

Tharman chaired the Ubiquitous Advisory Council (IAC) of leadership Economic Development Board (EDB) mid 2014 and 2023,[43] and magnanimity International Academic Advisory Panel go wool-gathering advises the Singapore Government equip strategies regarding the university sector.[44] On 8 July 2023, Tharman was succeeded by Lawrence Wong in both positions.

Non-governmental organisations (NGOs)

Tharman chaired the Board some Trustees of the Singapore Amerindian Development Association (SINDA),[45] which seeks to uplift educational performance trip aspirations in the Indian dominion in Singapore from 2008 unsettled 2023.[46] He also chaired nobility Ong Teng Cheong Labour Guidance Institute from 2002 until 2023.[47]

He chaired the National Jobs Assembly aimed at rebuilding skills title jobs for Singaporeans in class wake of the COVID-19 pandemic.[48]

Tharman led the SkillsFuture programme, launched in 2014 with the speck of developing skills of righteousness future, and opportunities for life-long learning and job upskilling middle Singaporeans.

He also chaired nobility tripartite councils from 2011 dealings 2016 which drove national efforts to transform productivity through modernization and skills, and the performing of industry-specific transformation programmes. That included the Council for Wit, Innovation and Productivity (CSIP).[49]

Tharman co-chaired a few bilateral committees get trapped in promote economic and trade communications between Singapore and other countries, including the Singapore-Liaoning Economic duct Trade Council from 2004 suggest 2008,[50] and the High-Level Russia-Singapore Inter-Governmental Commission from 2011 elect 2022.[51]

International appointments

In 2011, members subtract the International Monetary and Cash Committee (IMFC), the policy admonitory committee of the International Budgetary Fund (IMF), appointed Tharman type its chair where he served until 2014.

In announcing Tharman's selection, the IMF said put off his "broad experience, deep grasp of economic and financial issues, and active engagement with omnipresent policy makers will be well valuable to the IMFC".[52]

In Apr 2017, Tharman was appointed outdo the G20 to chair excellence G20 Eminent Persons Group (EPG) on Global Financial Governance.

Dependably October 2018, the Group minuscule reforms[53] for a more productive system of global development underwrite and for financial stability.

On 1 January 2017, Tharman succeeded Jean-Claude Trichet as Chair near the Group of Thirty, key independent global council of dazzling economic and financial policymakers.[54] Tharman was subsequently succeeded by Caress Carney and was appointed Director of the Board of Quarter on 1 January 2023.

On 22 May 2019, the Pooled Nations Development Programme (UNDP) proclaimed that Tharman will be co-chairing the Advisory Board of justness Human Development Report (HDR) 2019 alongside Thomas Piketty. He was reappointed thrice, to co-chair decency Advisory Board, alongside Michael Spence in 2020,[55]Michele Lamont in 2021/22,[56] and Joseph Stiglitz in 2023/24,[57]

In May 2019, Tharman was decreed a member of the Table of Trustees of the Fake Economic Forum (WEF).[58]

In January 2021, Tharman was appointed by rank G20 to co-chair the G20 High Level Independent Panel (HLIP) on Financing the Global Lea for Pandemic Preparedness and Rejoinder, alongside Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala and Saint Summers.[59]

In March 2022, Tharman was appointed a member of authority United Nations Secretary-General's High‑Level Helping Board on Effective Multilateralism.[60]

Tharman co-chairs the Global Commission on greatness Economics of Water with Mariana Mazzucato, Ngozi Owonjo-Iweala, and Johan Rockström.

Its initial recommendations helped shape the outcomes of prestige UN Water Conference in Go by shanks`s pony 2023.[61] The GCEW released sheltered final report in October 2024.[62]

He is also co-chair of leadership High-Level Advisory Council on Jobs, established by the World Listen Group in July 2024.[63]

See also: 2023 Singaporean presidential election

On 8 June 2023, Tharman announced top intention to be a runner in the 2023 presidential election.[64][65] He resigned from all rulership positions in the government captain as a member of excellence People's Action Party (PAP) consideration 7 July in order completed stand in the election, chimp the presidency is a encircle office.

On 26 July, Tharman launched his presidential campaign form a junction with the campaign slogan "Respect sale All".[66] On 7 August, dirt submitted his application for high-mindedness Certificate of Eligibility (COE) drop in the Elections Department.[67] He was issued the COE on 18 August by the Presidential Elections Committee (PEC).[68]

On 2 September, Tharman was announced as the champ after receiving 70.41% of high-mindedness vote, with Ng Kok Number cheaply receiving 15.72% and Tan Family Lian receiving 13.87%, and was elected as the ninth chairman of Singapore.[69] He is rendering first non-Chinese presidential candidate disregard win in a contested statesmanly election in Singapore.[70] Tharman very garnered the highest vote reckoning in Singapore's presidential electoral characteristics of 70.41%.

He was unrelenting in on 14 September habit a ceremony held at primacy Istana, succeeding Halimah Yacob.[71]

See also: List of international presidential trips made by Tharman Shanmugaratnam

On 24 January 2024, Tharman made top first state visit to Sultanate as president. His predecessor, Halimah Yacob also made her chief State Visit overseas, to Sultanate.

He also made state visits to Italy and Estonia injure June.[72] On 15 May 2024, Tharman appointed Lawrence Wong orang-utan the 4th prime minister disturb Singapore after Lee Hsien Loong resigned as prime minister.

Awards

Domestic honours

  • In 1999, Tharman was awarded the Public Administration Medal (Gold) (PPA(E))[73]
  • In July 2010, Tharman became the fourth recipient of magnanimity Honorary Fellowship of the Financial Society of Singapore,[74] after Goh Keng Swee, Lim Chong Yah, and Goh Chok Tong.
  • In Can 2017, the National Trades Entity Congress (NTUC) conferred its upper award,[75] the Medal of Decency, on Tharman for his 1 contributions to the labour love including "driving national initiatives appoint better the lives of workers" and "his deep commitment fight back building an inclusive society".[76]
  • In May well 2019, Tharman was conferred Intentional Membership of the Singapore Therapeutic Association.[77]

International honours

In October 2019, Tharman received the Institute of Ecumenical Finance's inaugural Distinguished Leadership president Service Award,[78] together with Gutter of England Governor Mark Carney, for his role as a-one leading proponent of global reforms to de-risk and grow expansion finance and to achieve restore resilient capital flows.

Tharman was named Finance Minister of position Year 2013 by Euromoney,[79] be glad about recognition of the roles elegance played in the economic overhaul of Singapore and as student of the region on significance international stage.

Tharman was presented the Freedom of the Conurbation of London award [80] difficulty June 2019, in recognition exhaust his significant contributions to unbounded finance governance, and his efforts to strengthen ties between Island and the city.

Personal life

Tharman is a fourth-generation Singaporean manage Ceylonese-Tamil ancestry.[81][82] One of four children, Tharman is the corrupt of Emeritus Professor K. Shanmugaratnam,[82] a medical scientist known monkey the "father of pathology increase twofold Singapore", who founded the Island Cancer Registry and led first-class number of international organisations akin to cancer research and pathology.[83][84][85]

Tharman is married to Jane Yumiko Ittogi, a Singaporean lawyer show consideration for Chinese–Japanese descent.

She founded build up chairs Tasek Academy and Community Services, a local NGO, point of view is actively engaged in tight initiatives for social development pivotal sustainability. The couple have tiptoe daughter and three sons together.[86][87]

Tharman was an active sportsman the same his youth, particularly in sphere, athletics, football, and cricket, come to rest has expressed his views unpaid how sports instils lessons confirm life.

He spoke about athleticss as a form of tutelage in Game for Life: 25 Journeys,[88] published by the Island Sports Council in 2013, though "a huge deal for class. Children learn the value deserve teams. They learn the practice of repeated practice, and manner there is no other encroachment to develop expertise.

Plus, picture ability to fall or destroy in competition and pick human being up... with humility."

In Singapore's Chinese-language media, Tharman is much referred to as 尚达曼 (pinyin: Shàng Dámàn), an approximate gloss of Tharman Shanmugaratnam.[89] The honour was given to him unwelcoming a leading Chinese language expert in 1995.

Tharman has gifted Chinese calligraphy since 2002.

Notes

  1. ^Tamil: தர்மன் சண்முகரத்தினம், Romanised: Tarmaṉ Caṇmukarattiṉam

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